Loss of GATA6—a transcription factor that controls which genes are turned on or off—can reprogram colorectal cancer cells into more primitive, adaptable states that can then spread to the liver and establish new tumors, according to Weill Cornell Medicine and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) researchers. Understanding how cancer cells acquire the ability to metastasize could reveal new ways to stop this deadly process.
Under normal conditions, GATA6 acts like a molecular “identity keeper” for cells lining the intestine, helping maintain a stable, well-defined state. However, the study, published June 22 in Cell Stem Cell, found that GATA6 expression is significantly reduced in liver metastases in both mice and human colorectal cancer patients, and that low GATA6 levels correlate with poorer clinical outcomes. Colorectal cancer becomes much more difficult to treat once it metastasizes, which is the leading cause of death.

Dr. Norihiro Goto